Documentation building: energy efficiency, acoustic and thermal
Among certifications existing or new arrival. Documentation that indicates the energy efficiency, acoustic and thermal playing most of the opportunity to re-launch the construction market. The energy performance certificate is an official document, valid for 10 years, produced by a person accredited as "energy certification" and several recognized organizations at the local and regional level, issued by qualified technicians who can attest to the consumption and energy characteristics of a building. With what objectives was introduced in Italy this procedure? In addition to work in the interests of saving resources and respect for the environment, inform the owners of the properties on the energy consumption of a building, making them aware of the costs of its management, means increasing demand for energy-efficient homes, what which has a positive impact on the development and revitalization of the construction industry.
Redevelop existing buildings energy, including through deductions of 55% Income Tax, means acting on energy expenditure across the country, freeing up resources to be used in other fields. These are the premises. First of all it must be said that we start from a European Directive (Article 7 of Directive 2002/91/EC), the member states of the union have put into practice in their own way, often with national as well as regional differences. The European Commission has set up an internet platform, the EPBD Buildings Platform, with the task of monitoring the implementation of the Directive at European level, but the fact remains that the situation in the Union is varied.
And if in Sweden, where the certification of all buildings has been compulsory since 2009, the first legislation on minimum energy performance requirements for buildings dates back to 1942, in the Netherlands a decree provides for the certification of all public buildings (excluding schools and hospitals) with a surface area of more than 100 square meters, with the obligation of exposure outside of the certificate. Here the work of certification, such as in Sweden and Finland, it is for specialized companies that operate in compliance with national and international standards. In Germany, the energy certificate is being implemented in phases, first for buildings constructed after 1965. As in Austria, the certifier carries out its activities in an individual subject, but it is accredited by the local government, which issues the certificate and license plate efficiency. And in Italy? The energy performance certificate at the time, is mainly used in two occasions: it is essential for all acts
notary for the sale of each property and, since July 1, 2010, including those of the lease. In addition, part of the documentation required to obtain tax relief and access to deductions of 55% income tax. These are general guidelines, but on how to prepare the certificates, each region has its own legislation, and there are also those who do not have one: in this case, according to the national guidelines for energy certification of buildings and only for buildings useful floor area of less than 1,000 m2 and for the sole purpose of buying and selling, you can use the self-declaration. The decree provides that the owner of the property, the aware-of its poor power quality, you can choose to comply with their legal obligations through a statement in which he states that the building is energy class G (the worst) and that the costs for building energy management are high.
The (poor) quality of the controls
To further complicate the view of practical implementation of the standards, the lack of quality and controls activities related to energy certification of buildings, which seems to have created a situation "Italian". This was revealed in an open letter addressed to the order of architects and representatives of the Lombardy Region (the problem but will also cover other regions ...) an architect certifying in writing to the energy SACERT, the association Mixed Public / Private to public scrutiny born in 2006 for the voluntary accreditation of institutions, associations, institutions that educate professionals to address the Energy Certification through a common methodology for calculating BEST developed by the Department of the Polytechnic of Milan and upgradeable if the Ministry and / or a region will impose by law. The architect Varese Maristella Roncalli, author of this letter, highlights how today's energy certification is experienced by European citizens not as a resource but as a bureaucratic exercise, a fee to be paid to the Region. In this situation the responsibility of the technicians is essential. Those preparations are there, but there are also "extreme situations on the market that does not seem to reward certain quality, with a grueling race to the bottom of the tariffs that oblige those who want to do well to leave the field because he can not sit in costs, or to slip into carelessness. " In other words, there is a habit to release energy certificates "sold" for a few Euros, drawn up in haste and too quickly. The consequence of this situation is that the technical certifiers see debase their professionalism, and citizens no longer know who to trust, while they are entitled, for the expenses, for a job done with care. To keep up the value of the operational quality of certifiers, many qualified entities - such as the SACERT - are working on training, as well as the Lombardy Region, which has also taken steps to control energy certificates. However, the letter continues, "the market seems not to notice, or even the end user because in the end if that" sheet "to take the notary cost him less, no matter whether it was right or not." To exit this situation is necessary to establish protocols that reduce discretion and to increase controls and the quality of the work of certifiers. You could, for example, as recommended also the author of the letter, take a cue from the model KlimaHouse, now synonymous consolidated building with high energy savings.
The energy certificate KlimaHouse
The energy certificate and KlimaHaus badge, which concerns not only new buildings but also the sustainable renovation of existing buildings, are the cornerstones of a system of classification he connected with the concept of building KlimaHouse, which attracts more and more builders and homeowners . Certifiers KlimaHouse, once formed become part of the system and work towards a common goal. The end user has a single reference that is the certification body which instructs directly certifiers carry out the various practices. The certification is controlled in its work, has the precise protocols refer to, is been paid in directly by the certification body. The end user, therefore, is guaranteed by the quality of the product and the result is independent of the certifier, and can rely on a clear price and equal for all.
The categories KlimaHaus therefore allow to identify the degree of energy consumption of a building. There KlimaHouse Gold, KlimaHouse KlimaHouse A and B. The consumption of the lowest energy is guaranteed by a KlimaHaus Gold, which requires 10 kilowatt hours per square meter per year, which can ensure, in practice, even in the absence of a heating system active. The KlimaHouse Gold is also called "one-liter house" because for every square meter need for a liter of diesel or m3 of gas per year. The houses with a heat consumption of less than 30 kilowatt hours per square meter per year are classified as KlimaHouse A, the so-called "3-liter house" because it requires 3 liters of diesel or 3 m3 of gas per square meter per year . KlimaHouse B is actually the building that takes less than 50 kilowatt hours per square meter per year. In this case one speaks of "house 5 liter", since the energy consumption involves the use of 5 liters of diesel or 5 m3 of gas per square meter per year.
Particularly important is the fact that the energy rating of a property following an investigation carried out on the building during the whole process of creation, and not only on the basis of the project. The energy certificate shows the extent of the heat demand of a building, and has two classifications energy: the first concerns the class of insulation of the building, depending on the quality of the plant. With the help of a table divided into colored boxes, from green (low energy demand) to red (high demand), anyone can figure out if a building consumes much or little energy. The thermal index of heat is determined based on factors relevant from the point of view of energy, through a process of calculating unit. Developers may, in this way, calculate the average requirement of heating and energy of a building and perform a comparison between different constructions.
The acoustic classification at the start of 2012
In July 2010 was issued technical standard UNI 11367 entitled "Acoustic classification of building units - Procedure for assessment and verification and application", which applies to all types of buildings, except those used for agricultural, industrial and handicraft. The overall evaluation of acoustic efficiency of each housing unit comes from assessments for each individual element, are the subject of the classification facade insulation, the insulation than the nearby (for both airborne noise, both for noise insulation) and the sound level of the facilities. The UNI has four different classes of acoustic efficiency: from Class 1 (the quietest) to 4 (the noisiest): although the performance level "basic" is represented by the third class, the vast majority of Italian buildings that currently exist does not even reach the fourth class. Currently the application of noise classes is voluntary and compliance with a specific class acoustics required only if the contractual terms. But the situation is expected to change from 2012, when the acoustic classification of a building unit (be it an apartment or a house detached), it will become necessary.
13/08/2011
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Translated via software
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Source:
Italian version of CercaGeometra.it